The increasing demand for clean and sustainable energy has accelerated global interest in hydrogen as a low-carbon energy carrier capable of supporting the transition toward net-zero emissions. Hydrogen offers significant advantages due to its high energy density, versatility, and ability to decarbonise sectors that are difficult to electrify, including transportation, heavy industry, and power generation. However, the majority of current hydrogen production relies on fossil fuel-based processes that contribute substantially to greenhouse gas emissions. This study examines sustainable hydrogen production using renewable energy sources, with particular emphasis on green hydrogen generated through water electrolysis powered by solar, wind, and hybrid renewable energy systems. The paper reviews the technological principles, production methods, environmental benefits, and economic considerations associated with renewable hydrogen production. It further evaluates the integration of renewable energy technologies with electrolysis systems and discusses the challenges related to efficiency, energy storage, infrastructure development, and production costs. Findings indicate that renewable energy-driven hydrogen production has considerable potential to reduce carbon emissions, enhance energy security, and support sustainable development objectives. Nevertheless, technological improvements, policy support, and investment in infrastructure are required to overcome existing barriers and facilitate large-scale deployment. The study concludes that sustainable hydrogen production represents a critical pathway for achieving a cleaner and more resilient global energy system while advancing long-term environmental sustainability goals.
Keywords: Sustainable hydrogen production, green hydrogen, renewable energy, water electrolysis, solar energy, wind energy, energy transition, decarbonisation